Oracle11g - Architecture

Oracle Spatial technology is spread across two tiers: the Database Server and the Application Server.
Figure 2-1 depicts the various components that comprise Oracle’s Spatial technology stack and indicates the distribution of the components across the Database Server and Application Server tiers.
Basic components that are provided as part of Oracle Database Server 11g include the storage model, query and analysis tools, and location-enabling/loading utilities. The MapViewer component is provided in Oracle Application Server 10g.

The basic components from Figure 2-1 can be described as follows:
• Data model: Oracle Spatial uses a SQL data type, SDO_GEOMETRY, to store spatial data in an Oracle database. Users can define tables containing columns of type SDO_GEOMETRY to store the locations of customers, stores, restaurants, and so on, or the locations and spatial extents of geographic entities such as roads, interstates, parks, and land parcels. We describe this data type in detail in Chapter 4.
• Location-enabling: Users can add SDO_GEOMETRY columns to application tables. We describe this process in detail in Chapter 3. Users can populate the tables with SDO_GEOMETRY data using standard Oracle utilities such as SQL*Loader, Import, and Export. We describe this process in Chapter 5. Alternatively, users can convert implicit spatial information, such as street addresses, into SDO_GEOMETRY columns using the geocoder component of Oracle Spatial, as described in Chapter 6.
• Spatial query and analysis: Users can query and manipulate the SDO_GEOMETRY data using the query and analysis component, comprising the Index Engine and Geometry Engine. We give full details of this process in Chapters 8 and 9.
• Advanced Spatial Engine: This component comprises several components that cater to sophisticated spatial applications, such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and bioinformatics. This includes the network analysis and the Routing Engine, which are covered in detail in Chapters 10 and 11. The Advanced Spatial Engine also consists of other specialized components such as the GeoRaster that allows storage of spatial objects using images (groups of pixels) rather than points, lines, and vertices. We cover these components in Appendixes A through E.
• Visualization: The Application Server components of Oracle’s Spatial technology include the means to visualize spatial data via the MapViewer tool. MapViewer renders the spatial data that is stored in SDO_GEOMETRY columns of Oracle tables as displayable maps. In recent releases, Oracle also provides the Oracle Maps suite of technologies to enhance the functionality of the MapViewer. The Oracle Maps suite enables fast map-browsing experience using a map cache server that pregenerates and caches image tiles for a map and a feature-of-interest (FOI) server that renders dynamic application content using a combination of images and geometric themes. We describe these features in detail in Chapters 12 and 13.

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